“It’s easy to say you want more control over your systems. But the cost of decentralization in money, complexity, and overhead can hit hard when the invoice arrives.”
A Digital Identity Digest
The Cost of Decentralization: What Companies Need to Weigh Before They Commit
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Last week, I wrote about how the real innovation is in centralized vs decentralized, it’s in building systems that can move between them. Flexibility and resilience go hand in hand. Engineering Meets Economics if you missed it.
This week, we’re taking that one step further: If flexibility or even malleability is the goal, how much are you willing to pay for it?
Decentralization sounds empowering, and it is, but when you start pricing out the staff, contracts, and duplicated infrastructure required to make it real, it’s enough to light your hair on fire. But if the last few years have taught us anything, it’s this: centralization is comfortable, right up until it isn’t. The question isn’t whether decentralization is an all-or-nothing decision. Instead, you should ask how much of it you actually need, and whether you are building toward that, or are you hoping you’ll never be put to the test?
The Control We Live Without (Until We Can’t)
Most enterprise stacks are built on convenient centralization because it works. Until it doesn’t.
And to be fair, many centralized platforms aren’t fragile at all. Cloud providers like AWS or Azure, DNS services like Cloudflare, and global CDNs like Akamai offer incredible built-in resilience, failover, and distributed design, and for many organizations, that’s more than enough.
So when I talk about decentralization, I’m not saying “don’t use centralized platforms.” I’m asking:
Where does your dependency go beyond what the platform guarantees?
Where are you relying on a single identity flow, a proprietary API, or a vendor relationship that isn’t as durable or visible as you’d like?
Here are just a few common areas where centralization is accepted, sometimes wisely, sometimes dangerously.
Current Dependencies: What’s Normal (and Risky)
Stack ComponentTypical Centralized ProviderWhy We Accept ItWhat It Takes to DecentralizeCloud InfrastructureAWS, Azure, GCPCost efficiency, built-in toolingMulti-cloud design, duplicated environmentsDNSCloudflare, Route53Stability, DDoS protectionRedundant providers, failover planningIdentity ProviderOkta, Entra, PingPolicy enforcement, ease of useFederation, verifiable credentials, trust governanceRouting & CDNAkamai, CloudflareSpeed, coverageCustom PoPs, peering strategiesMessaging / CommsTwilio, Zoom, MicrosoftUnified experienceProtocol bridging, diverse vendor integration
The point isn’t to avoid centralization. It’s to understand where you’re exposed, and whether you can live with that. I can’t answer that for you, but you can and should start answering it for your org.
The Real Cost of Optionality
There’s no shame in being centralized; there is shame in not being able to recover from locked-in choices. The value of decentralization shows up when:
A vendor outage takes down your login page
A change in platform policy breaks your consent flows
A new law forces you to isolate systems by country
A key provider is acquired, and your roadmap disappears overnight
Decentralization can offer you a way out or at least a way forward. But you only get that if you build for it. And yes, that comes with a cost. TANSTAFL.
Some of those costs include:
Financial: Redundancy means paying for parallel paths, including multiple vendors, more complex SLAs, and sometimes a few features you don’t use every day.
Operational: Diverse systems mean more moving parts. Teams need more discipline. More observability. Less “set and forget.”
Strategic: Procurement has to prioritize flexibility over feature count. Architecture has to balance performance with fallback.
And let’s not forget the cost of interoperability. The cost of decentralization isn’t just financial. You also need systems that can communicate across platforms, formats, and protocols.
Decentralization means maintaining systems that can work across different environments, many of which weren’t built with each other in mind. Your observability stack needs to normalize across cloud regions. Your CI/CD pipelines need to deploy to more than one provider. And of course, your auth system needs to handle more than one flavor of token.
You’re not just buying a second system, you’re buying the glue. That glue, however, can be expensive. But it’s what turns “Plan B” into an actual option.
This Is Achievable, But Only If You Know What You’re Buying
The good news? You don’t need to decentralize everything. In fact, you probably shouldn’t. But you should know what you’re trading off.
Think of decentralization as buying protection against:
Lock-in: pricing hikes, roadmap divergence, license changes
Regulatory shifts: data residency rules, cross-border controls
Platform instability: outage, acquisition, end-of-life surprises
Geopolitical risk: sanction-driven service denial, regional throttling
Value misalignment: privacy erosion, surveillance, ethical conflicts
That’s not FUD. It’s a checklist that helps you determine where decentralization is a strategic safeguard and where centralization is still worth the risk.
Choose Your Investment Level
There’s a spectrum here. Not every organization needs multi-cloud failover, decentralized identity, and DNS across five providers. But every organization needs to ask:
Where are we so centralized that a single point of failure becomes an existential risk?
And what would it take to make that risk optional rather than inevitable?
You shouldn’t be looking for decentralization for its own sake. You’re looking for just enough optionality to survive a change in vendor policy, regulation, or business direction without rebuilding your stack from scratch. Ultimately, every team needs to decide how much of the cost of decentralization is justified by the control they gain.
Every small investment buys you breathing room. And breathing room is what makes resilience possible.
Closing Thought: Buy Control Before You Need It
You don’t have to decentralize everything. You probably can’t.
But if your entire digital operation depends on a single cloud region, vendor, or IdP that no one knows how to replace, then you’re not buying control; you’re borrowing it and hoping nothing goes wrong.
So, how much of the cost of decentralization are you willing to pay before you’re forced to?
Because waiting until you have to pay is rarely the cheapest option.
Bonne chance, mon ami!
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Transcript
[00:00:00]
Welcome to the Digital Identity Digest, the audio companion to the blog at Spherical Cow Consulting. I’m Heather Flanagan, and every week I break down interesting topics in the field of digital identity—from credentials and standards to browser weirdness and policy twists. If you work with digital identity but don’t have time to follow every specification or hype cycle, you’re in the right place.
[00:00:26]
Let’s get into it. Welcome back! If you caught the last episode, you’ll remember that we talked about how the real innovation isn’t choosing between centralized or decentralized identity systems—it’s about the ability to shift between the two.
[00:00:44]
If you didn’t hear that episode, no worries. Here’s the short version:
When I talk about centralization, I’m not just talking about infrastructure, but also controls.
[00:00:56]
A centralized identity system relies on one authority—one identity provider, one source of truth, one way to enforce access. Everything flows through a single control point.
[00:01:06]
In decentralized models, control is distributed.
You might issue credentials that can be independently verified and used.
You might support federation or allow for local policy decisions.
All of that isn’t chaos—it’s coordination across more than one authority.
[00:01:24]
Most enterprise systems fall somewhere in the middle. It’s not a question of which is better, but how much flexibility you’ve built into your dependencies and whether you’re ready to shift between centralized and decentralized models when needed.
[00:01:39]
And just to clarify, if your mind jumps straight to blockchain when I say “decentralized identity,” you can let that go. That’s not what we’re talking about here.
The Cost of Flexibility
[00:01:51]
Today, we’re building on that story, because flexibility to shift between these two models isn’t free.
[00:01:58]
In enterprise identity systems especially, the cost of decentralization can sneak up on you—until one day, it’s the only thing you can do.
[00:02:09]
Centralization absolutely works—right up until it doesn’t. Most enterprise systems are mostly centralized by design because:
It scales
It’s familiar
It’s easier to manage and deploy
[00:02:27]
You pick a cloud provider, configure your identity flows, and build tools that make daily life easier for your teams. All reasonable decisions.
[00:02:37]
But centralization comes with trade-offs that don’t always show up on your architecture diagram.
They show up when your vendor changes policies
When a regulator demands regional data isolation
When the company that owns your login page gets acquired and suddenly nothing is where it used to be
[00:02:56]
That’s when the invoice for centralization shows up. If you’ve prepared for it, great. If not, keep listening.
Trade-Offs and Hidden Costs
[00:03:09]
Let’s talk about those trade-offs and where they show up.
[00:03:15]
Most organizations don’t decide to centralize everything all at once. It usually happens gradually—through tool choices, vendor decisions, and policies that favor simplicity.
[00:03:36]
You pick AWS or Microsoft Azure because they offer global infrastructure and built-in security.
You standardize on a single identity provider for simplified access control and audit logging.
You rely on a CDN, DNS service, or messaging platform—not because you want lock-in, but because it works and provides redundancy.
[00:04:09]
Those normal decisions can quietly create dependencies that are hard to unwind.
[00:04:18]
Centralization feels efficient, but it means you’re betting on your vendors never changing, your regulators staying predictable, and your systems remaining static.
[00:04:44]
The real question isn’t “Did we centralize too much?” It’s “Do we know which parts of our systems are built around a trust that hasn’t been stress-tested yet?”
That’s where decentralization—or even just having a plan for it—starts to pay off.
What Does Decentralization Actually Cost?
[00:04:52]
Decentralization isn’t just a design pattern or a configuration flag.
It shows up in:
How you hire teams
How you build systems
How you buy SaaS applications
How you plan for the future
[00:05:06]
Let’s talk about three kinds of cost:
Financial Cost
[00:05:09]
Redundancy means paying for more than one way to do something—running services in two cloud regions, contracting with two vendors for the same function.
This can look inefficient on a spreadsheet, but it’s really trading short-term inefficiency for long-term adaptability.
2. Operational Cost
[00:05:38]
Decentralized systems require discipline.
You have more services to coordinate
You need more observability
You need standardized policy enforcement
It’s not just a technical tax—it’s a cultural shift.
[00:06:06]
Assume failures will happen and design recovery plans before they do.
3. Strategic Cost
[00:06:11]
This is the hardest to measure.
Decentralization forces you to ask:
Do we want flexibility or feature velocity?
Are we optimizing for today’s comfort or tomorrow’s resilience?
Are we willing to make architectural choices that look less efficient but give us options when it counts?
[00:06:44]
If this sounds like tomorrow’s problem, you’re not alone—but chances are, you’ve already run into some version of this.
Real-World Scenarios
[00:06:59]
If you’ve ever had to “duct tape” your way out of a dependency, you’ve already felt the cost of not being flexible between centralization and decentralization.
[00:07:33]
This isn’t about building redundant systems for fun—it’s about investing in flexibility before you need it.
[00:07:39]
If the cost feels high now, ask: What will it cost to do it later, under pressure?
The Value of Optionality
[00:07:47]
Optionality is where decentralization pays off.
It’s not about building a parallel universe
It’s about designing systems with room to move
[00:07:53]
Examples include:
Backup login methods that don’t rely on a single provider
The ability to issue credentials even when your main service is down
Flexibility to shift data storage between jurisdictions without breaking compliance
[00:08:14]
If you’ve built in flexibility, you can adapt when something breaks. But it doesn’t come for free—it costs more planning, more conversations with legal and compliance, and more thoughtful procurement.
[00:08:32]
Sometimes, it means building things twice or building the glue that holds them together. But it gives you control before you need it.
[00:08:51]
It’s not overengineering—it’s building systems that don’t panic when the default plan fails. Because the default plan will fail.
A Personal Example
[00:09:03]
Let’s make this personal.
If you’ve worked in a high-security enterprise, you know the drill:
Company-managed device
Lockdown browser
VPN required for everything
[00:09:28]
It works—until you need to join a Google Meet with an external standards body and Google is blocked, or you need to access a shared document on a non-whitelisted domain.
[00:09:40]
Suddenly, your secure device becomes a wall—not because the technology failed, but because the policies are too rigid.
[00:10:06]
Imagine if you could submit for an exception—pre-modeled, well-governed, and aligned with business risk—without endless meetings and exceptions.
That’s what optionality would look like: not chaos, but structured flexibility.
[00:10:29]
Decentralization isn’t about removing control. It’s about creating trusted, intentional ways to shift it around when necessary.
Final Takeaway
[00:10:37]
Buy the control you need before you need it.
You don’t need to decentralize everything
You probably can’t and shouldn’t
But you do need to know where your dependencies live
[00:10:54]
When something goes sideways—a vendor acquisition, regulatory shift, or trust breakdown—you’ll want options.
And options must be built ahead of time.
[00:11:06]
Ask yourself:
Where are we so centralized that a single point of failure is an existential risk?
What would it take to make that risk optional instead of inevitable?
[00:11:15]
Even a small investment in flexibility buys you more breathing room—and breathing room is what makes resilience possible, not just technically but also operationally and strategically.
[00:11:57]
That’s it for this week’s episode of the Digital Identity Digest. If this helped make things clearer or more interesting, share it with a friend or colleague and connect with me on LinkedIn @hlflanagan. If you enjoyed the show, please subscribe and leave a rating or review on Apple Podcasts or wherever you listen. You can also find the full written post at sphericalcowconsulting.com. Stay curious, stay engaged, and let’s keep these conversations going.
The post The Cost of Decentralization: What Companies Need to Weigh Before They Commit appeared first on Spherical Cow Consulting.